:root{--ink:#18212b;--muted:#5d6976;--line:#dfe4e8;--paper:#fff;--wash:#f5f7f8;--accent:#8b1d41;--accent2:#5f132d;--max:1120px}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{margin:0;font-family:Inter,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);line-height:1.62}a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:3px}a:hover{color:var(--accent2)}
.container{width:min(var(--max),calc(100% - 40px));margin:0 auto}.site-header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:20;background:rgba(255,255,255,.94);backdrop-filter:blur(10px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.nav{height:72px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.brand{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}.nav-links{display:flex;gap:24px;align-items:center}.nav-links a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;font-size:.94rem}.nav-links a:hover,.nav-links a.active{color:var(--accent)}
.hero{padding:82px 0 70px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#f8f4f5 0%,#fff 52%,#f4f6f8 100%);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.18fr) minmax(440px,1fr);gap:48px;align-items:center}.eyebrow{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em;font-size:.78rem;color:var(--accent);font-weight:700}.hero h1{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:clamp(3rem,6vw,5.8rem);font-weight:500;line-height:.98;margin:.18em 0}.hero .lead{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:1.33rem;color:#3c4650;max-width:760px}.actions{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:28px}.btn{display:inline-block;padding:10px 16px;border-radius:6px;border:1px solid var(--ink);color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;font-size:.94rem}.btn.primary{background:var(--ink);color:white}.btn:hover{transform:translateY(-1px)}
.portrait-shell{aspect-ratio:16/10;border-radius:14px;overflow:hidden;background:linear-gradient(160deg,#e2e5e8,#c8cdd2);box-shadow:0 18px 45px rgba(20,28,36,.13);position:relative;width:100%;max-width:560px;min-height:320px;justify-self:end}.portrait-fallback{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:4rem;color:#6e7781;z-index:0}.portrait-shell img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:var(--slide-fit,contain);object-position:var(--slide-x,var(--portrait-x,50%)) var(--slide-y,var(--portrait-y,50%));display:block;position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:1;padding:10px 12px;box-sizing:border-box}.portrait-slide{opacity:0;transition:opacity .8s ease}.portrait-slide.active{opacity:1}.portrait-dots{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:14px;z-index:3;display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:8px}.portrait-dot{width:8px;height:8px;border:0;border-radius:50%;padding:0;background:rgba(255,255,255,.58);box-shadow:0 1px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.25);cursor:pointer}.portrait-dot.active{background:#fff}.portrait-dots:has(.portrait-dot:only-child){display:none}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.portrait-slide{transition:none}}
section{padding:66px 0}.section-head{display:flex;align-items:end;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin-bottom:28px}.section-head h2,.page-title{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-weight:500}.section-head h2{font-size:2.25rem;margin:0}.page-title{font-size:3.25rem;line-height:1.08;margin:.2em 0}.muted{color:var(--muted)}.bio-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.55fr .65fr;gap:72px}.bio-copy{font-size:1.06rem}.facts{border-left:3px solid var(--accent);padding-left:24px}.facts p{margin:.2em 0 1.2em}.facts strong{display:block;font-size:.78rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:2px}
.research-grid{display:grid;gap:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.paper-card{padding:24px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:28px}.paper-card h3{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:1.34rem;line-height:1.3;margin:0 0 5px}.paper-card h3 a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}.paper-card h3 a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.authors{color:var(--muted);font-size:.92rem;margin:2px 0 8px}.summary{color:#3f4a55;margin:8px 0 0;font-size:.96rem;max-width:790px}.tags{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin-top:12px}.tag{font-size:.76rem;padding:4px 8px;background:var(--wash);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;color:#47515b;white-space:nowrap}.arrow{font-size:1.5rem;color:#9aa3ac;align-self:center}
.page-hero{padding:56px 0 36px;background:var(--wash);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.page-hero p{max-width:760px}.filters{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 22px}.filter-btn{border:1px solid var(--line);background:white;border-radius:999px;padding:7px 11px;cursor:pointer;font:inherit;font-size:.82rem}.filter-btn.active{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border-color:var(--ink)}.searchbox{width:100%;max-width:520px;padding:11px 13px;border:1px solid #cfd5da;border-radius:7px;font:inherit;margin-bottom:18px}
.paper-page{max-width:900px;margin:0 auto}.paper-meta-group{margin:10px 0 30px}.paper-page .paper-meta{margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5}.paper-page .paper-publication{margin-top:3px;font-style:normal}.paper-body{font-size:1.02rem}.paper-body p{margin:0 0 1.15em}.paper-body strong{color:var(--ink)}.paper-image{float:right;max-width:42%;height:auto;margin:0 0 22px 28px;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 8px 26px rgba(30,35,40,.12)}.paper-body:after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}.paper-body ul{padding-left:1.4rem}.backlink{margin-bottom:16px;font-size:.9rem}.card-list{display:grid;gap:16px}.discussion-card{padding:20px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.discussion-card:first-child{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.contact-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:60px;align-items:start}.contact-photo{width:100%;border-radius:10px}.simple-card{padding:24px;background:var(--wash);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px}.footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:32px 0 50px;color:var(--muted);font-size:.88rem}.footer .container{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.notice{font-size:.84rem;color:var(--muted);background:#fff8e8;border:1px solid #ead8aa;padding:10px 12px;border-radius:6px;margin:16px 0}.empty{display:none;color:var(--muted);padding:22px 0}
@media(max-width:820px){.nav-links{gap:12px}.nav-links a:nth-child(4){display:none}.hero{padding:58px 0}.hero-grid,.bio-grid,.contact-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.portrait-shell{max-width:100%;min-height:260px;aspect-ratio:16/10}.paper-card{grid-template-columns:1fr}.arrow{display:none}.page-title{font-size:2.55rem}.hero h1{font-size:3.5rem}}@media(max-width:580px){.container{width:min(100% - 26px,var(--max))}.nav{height:auto;padding:16px 0;align-items:flex-start}.nav-links{gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-end}.brand{max-width:120px}.hero-grid{gap:36px}.paper-image{float:none;max-width:100%;margin:10px 0 22px}.footer .container{display:block}}

/* Research metadata: publication citation or latest working-paper version */
.paper-citation, .paper-version {
  margin-top: .45rem;
  font-size: .92rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.paper-citation { font-style: normal; }
.paper-version { font-weight: 600; }
.paper-abstract {
  margin-top: .7rem;
}

/* Individual paper-page field spacing */
.paper-section-label {
  margin-top: 1.65rem !important;
  margin-bottom: .55rem !important;
}
.paper-section-label strong, .paper-section-label b {
  font-size: 1.02rem;
}


/* Homepage full-image slideshow: preserve every photograph without cropping. */
.portrait-shell{background:rgba(245,247,248,.88)}
.portrait-shell img{object-fit:contain;background:rgba(255,255,255,.84)}

/* Homepage background-photo variants: image runs from page top through the hero, ending before About. */
.home-top{position:relative;background-image:var(--home-overlay,linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(255,255,255,.78) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.62) 48%,rgba(255,255,255,.38) 100%)),var(--home-bg);background-size:cover;background-position:var(--home-bg-position,center center);background-repeat:no-repeat;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(223,228,232,.85)}
.home-top .site-header{background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(223,228,232,.75);backdrop-filter:blur(10px)}
.home-top .hero{background:transparent;border-bottom:0}
.home-top .hero .lead{color:#27333e;text-shadow:0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,.35)}
.home-top .eyebrow{color:#741735}
.home-top .portrait-shell{box-shadow:0 18px 45px rgba(20,28,36,.22)}
@media(max-width:820px){.home-top{background-image:var(--home-mobile-overlay,linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.80),rgba(255,255,255,.68))),var(--home-bg);background-position:var(--home-bg-position,center center)}.home-space .home-top{--home-mobile-overlay:linear-gradient(rgba(8,28,52,.78),rgba(8,28,52,.58))}}


/* v10_1 — Sunset Istanbul: keep the sunset and skyline vivid while protecting the text. */
.home-sunset .home-top{filter:saturate(1.04);}
.home-sunset .site-header{background:rgba(255,255,255,.68);}
.home-sunset .hero-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.08fr) minmax(460px,1.02fr);}
.home-sunset .portrait-shell{background:rgba(247,244,240,.92);}


/* V12 production route helpers */
.nav-links a.active{color:var(--accent)}
.migration-note{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted)}


/* Research landing-page image header: same title sizing/placement as Discussions. */
.research-top{position:relative;background-size:cover;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(223,228,232,.85)}
.research-top .site-header{background:rgba(255,255,255,.76);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(223,228,232,.72);backdrop-filter:blur(10px)}
.research-top .page-hero{background:transparent;border-bottom:0}
.research-top .page-title{color:var(--ink)}
.research-top .research-intro{max-width:900px;margin:.45rem 0 0;color:#35404b}
.research-top .research-support{margin-top:.75rem}
@media(max-width:820px){.research-top{background-position:center center}.research-top .research-intro{max-width:100%}}


/* Research and Discussions: align the page title with its explanatory text. */
.page-hero-aligned{padding:48px 0 42px}
.page-hero-aligned .page-title{margin:0 0 .35rem}
.page-hero-aligned p{margin:.2rem 0 0}


/* Mobile responsive pass — keep the desktop design intact while giving phones a true single-column layout. */
@media(max-width:820px){
  .nav{height:auto;padding:14px 0;display:block}
  .brand{display:inline-block;font-size:1.25rem}
  .nav-links{margin-top:9px;gap:7px 16px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start}
  .nav-links a{font-size:.9rem}
  .nav-links a:nth-child(4){display:inline}
  .hero{padding:44px 0 50px}
  .hero-grid,.home-sunset .hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr!important;gap:28px}
  .hero h1{font-size:clamp(3rem,13vw,3.75rem);line-height:1}
  .hero .lead{font-size:1.12rem;line-height:1.55;max-width:none}
  .eyebrow{font-size:.72rem;line-height:1.65;letter-spacing:.1em}
  .actions{margin-top:20px}
  .portrait-shell{justify-self:stretch;max-width:100%;min-height:0;aspect-ratio:16/10}
  section{padding:44px 0}
  .bio-grid,.contact-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:36px}
  .facts{padding-left:18px}
  .page-hero,.page-hero-aligned{padding:36px 0 30px}
  .page-title{font-size:2.7rem}
  .research-top .research-intro{font-size:.98rem;line-height:1.6}
  .research-top .research-support{margin-top:.7rem}
  .searchbox{max-width:none}
  .filters{gap:7px;margin-bottom:18px}
  .filter-btn{font-size:.78rem;padding:6px 10px}
  .paper-card{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:12px;padding:21px 0}
  .paper-card h3{font-size:1.28rem}
  .paper-body{font-size:1rem}
  .paper-body a{overflow-wrap:anywhere}
  .discussion-card{padding:18px 0}
}
@media(max-width:580px){
  .container{width:min(100% - 28px,var(--max))}
  .site-header{position:sticky}
  .nav{padding:13px 0}
  .brand{max-width:none;font-size:1.22rem}
  .nav-links{gap:5px 14px;margin-top:8px}
  .nav-links a{font-size:.87rem}
  .hero{padding:36px 0 42px}
  .home-top{--home-mobile-overlay:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.88),rgba(255,255,255,.76))}
  .hero h1{font-size:3.05rem;line-height:.98;margin:.22em 0}
  .hero .lead{font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.52}
  .eyebrow{font-size:.69rem;letter-spacing:.095em}
  .hero-grid{gap:24px}
  .actions{gap:9px}
  .btn{padding:9px 13px;font-size:.88rem}
  section{padding:38px 0}
  .section-head{margin-bottom:22px}
  .section-head h2{font-size:2rem}
  .page-hero,.page-hero-aligned{padding:31px 0 27px}
  .page-title{font-size:2.4rem}
  .research-top .research-intro{font-size:.94rem;line-height:1.55}
  .filter-btn{font-size:.76rem;padding:6px 9px}
  .searchbox{padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:15px}
  .paper-image{float:none;max-width:100%;margin:10px 0 22px}
  .footer{padding:26px 0 38px}
  .footer .container{display:block}
}